Plus, there’s an update for Housing Minister Nathaniel Erskine-Smith’s office, and communications staff changes for Ministers Kamal Khera and Steven Guilbeault.
Veterans Affairs Minister Darren Fisher addresses reporters after being sworn into cabinet at Rideau Hall on Dec. 20, 2024. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Plus, there’s an update for Housing Minister Nathaniel Erskine-Smith’s office, and communications staff changes for Ministers Kamal Khera and Steven Guilbeault.
Plus, there’s an update for Housing Minister Nathaniel Erskine-Smith’s office, and communications staff changes for Ministers Kamal Khera and Steven Guilbeault.
Veterans Affairs Minister Darren Fisher addresses reporters after being sworn into cabinet at Rideau Hall on Dec. 20, 2024. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The Council of the Federation, including Ontario Premier Doug Ford, centre left, and Alberta Premier Danielle Smith, centre right, have been in Washington, D.C., since Feb. 11 to push against the American president's tariffs. Photograph courtesy of Premier Danielle Smith's X account
Canada's premiers made their way to the White House for a meeting with senior advisers to the U.S. president on Feb. 12.
The Council of the Federation, including Ontario Premier Doug Ford, centre left, and Alberta Premier Danielle Smith, centre right, have been in Washington, D.C., since Feb. 11 to push against the American president's tariffs. Photograph courtesy of Premier Danielle Smith's X account
People in Canada living with cancer, and their loved ones, are counting on federal, provincial and territorial health ministers to improve access to timely
Health Minister Mark Holland, and his provincial and territorial counterparts, must urgently address issues facing Canadian families affected by cancer, write Christina Sit and Patil Mksyartinian. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
People in Canada living with cancer, and their loved ones, are counting on federal, provincial and territorial health ministers to improve access to timely
People in Canada living with cancer, and their loved ones, are counting on federal, provincial and territorial health ministers to improve access to timely
Health Minister Mark Holland, and his provincial and territorial counterparts, must urgently address issues facing Canadian families affected by cancer, write Christina Sit and Patil Mksyartinian. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
While Canada advocates peace and diplomacy, it remains entangled in western strategic interests, reinforcing the very power structures that drive instability.
Foreign Minister Mélanie Joly. Canada can pivot away from outdated foreign policy assumptions, and engage with the world on its terms, free from the constraints of U.S. priorities, writes Narendra Pachkhédé. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
While Canada advocates peace and diplomacy, it remains entangled in western strategic interests, reinforcing the very power structures that drive instability.
While Canada advocates peace and diplomacy, it remains entangled in western strategic interests, reinforcing the very power structures that drive instability.
Foreign Minister Mélanie Joly. Canada can pivot away from outdated foreign policy assumptions, and engage with the world on its terms, free from the constraints of U.S. priorities, writes Narendra Pachkhédé. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The impending tariffs could force Canada to reassess its dependence on the U.S. and consider expanding its collaboration with the European Space Agency, writes Anusuya Datta. Photograph courtesy of NASA
The biggest risk of tariffs isn’t just higher costs—it’s the potential breakdown of access to critical space infrastructure.
The impending tariffs could force Canada to reassess its dependence on the U.S. and consider expanding its collaboration with the European Space Agency, writes Anusuya Datta. Photograph courtesy of NASA
In Canada, U.S. President Donald Trump’s flailing about in his new king-of-the-world act has sparked a political upheaval unlike anything seen in decades, writes Les Whittington. White House photograph by Andrea Hanks
President Donald Trump’s decision to turn on his northern neighbour has forced Canadians to take stock of their heritage, and thrown open the door
In Canada, U.S. President Donald Trump’s flailing about in his new king-of-the-world act has sparked a political upheaval unlike anything seen in decades, writes Les Whittington. White House photograph by Andrea Hanks
Public Safety Minister David McGuinty, right, with Foreign Minister Mélanie Joly, says there was urgency to appoint a new 'fentanyl czar' to avoid renewing U.S. President Donald Trump's tariff threats. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
CBSA training, knowledge, and expertise is underused in current border-security plans, says union head Mark Weber.
Public Safety Minister David McGuinty, right, with Foreign Minister Mélanie Joly, says there was urgency to appoint a new 'fentanyl czar' to avoid renewing U.S. President Donald Trump's tariff threats. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Health Minister Mark Holland said the Liberal government's pharmacare plan is a 'transformational step towards improving health outcomes and health equity in Canada,' in an October 2024 Health Canada press release. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The clock is 'loudly ticking' on a likely federal election in the spring, and it's important pharmacare deals are signed with the provinces and
Health Minister Mark Holland said the Liberal government's pharmacare plan is a 'transformational step towards improving health outcomes and health equity in Canada,' in an October 2024 Health Canada press release. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
International Development Minister Ahmed Hussen and Global Affairs Canada are currently 'assessing the situation' following the USAID freeze. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Foreign aid cuts in the U.S. could provide 'fodder' for a Canadian government to go down a similar path, says international assistance expert Liam
International Development Minister Ahmed Hussen and Global Affairs Canada are currently 'assessing the situation' following the USAID freeze. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The federal government can enhance funding to the Medical Council of Canada to asses foreign doctors, and provinces can boost investment to increase their
Federal and provincial/territorial health ministers can work to solve the physician shortage in Canada in a cost-effective manner by enhancing the PRA route to licensure, write ISG Senators Stanley Kutcher, Mohamed-Iqbal Ravalia, and Ratna Omidvar; and Kareem El-Assal. Photograph courtesy of Unsplash
The federal government can enhance funding to the Medical Council of Canada to asses foreign doctors, and provinces can boost investment to increase their
The federal government can enhance funding to the Medical Council of Canada to asses foreign doctors, and provinces can boost investment to increase their
Federal and provincial/territorial health ministers can work to solve the physician shortage in Canada in a cost-effective manner by enhancing the PRA route to licensure, write ISG Senators Stanley Kutcher, Mohamed-Iqbal Ravalia, and Ratna Omidvar; and Kareem El-Assal. Photograph courtesy of Unsplash
Regulatory bodies are uniquely positioned to provide critical workforce data, and with proper support they can play a pivotal role in addressing Canada's health-care provider shortages, write Sophia Myles and Elizabeth Wenghofer. Pexels photograph by EVG Kowalievsk
We need an integrated national plan based on robust data that includes regulators working alongside provincial governments.
Regulatory bodies are uniquely positioned to provide critical workforce data, and with proper support they can play a pivotal role in addressing Canada's health-care provider shortages, write Sophia Myles and Elizabeth Wenghofer. Pexels photograph by EVG Kowalievsk
Provincial governments need to work with Ottawa to improve the drug approval and public reimbursement process, writes Liam MacDonald. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Patients in Canada wait longer than most of our peer countries to access fewer medicines.
Provincial governments need to work with Ottawa to improve the drug approval and public reimbursement process, writes Liam MacDonald. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Canada stands at a critical juncture with public health policy, and the decisions made now will have long-term implications for domestic health security and economy, writes Alison Pozzobon. Photograph courtesy of Pexels
Often referred to as the ‘silent pandemic,’ antimicrobial resistance is a particularly concerning public health threat.
Canada stands at a critical juncture with public health policy, and the decisions made now will have long-term implications for domestic health security and economy, writes Alison Pozzobon. Photograph courtesy of Pexels
When residents in long-term care aren’t thriving because their needs are not being met, it costs us all through higher health-care needs down the line, write Christine Sheppard and Jesse Rosenberg. Unsplash photograph by Tim Kilby
Future agreements must require health equity plans with targets for delivering the diverse care needed in each jurisdiction.
When residents in long-term care aren’t thriving because their needs are not being met, it costs us all through higher health-care needs down the line, write Christine Sheppard and Jesse Rosenberg. Unsplash photograph by Tim Kilby
The U.S. withdrawal from the WHO will have severe consequences not only for global health, but also for Canada, writes Roojin Habibi. Photograph courtesy of Flickr/United States Mission Geneva
Despite its imperfections, the WHO has delivered historic successes, which are only possible through the concerted efforts of all nations.
The U.S. withdrawal from the WHO will have severe consequences not only for global health, but also for Canada, writes Roojin Habibi. Photograph courtesy of Flickr/United States Mission Geneva
Local Liberal MP Terry Sheehan says there were lessons from the 2018 tariffs and Canada's response. 'They were lobbing grenades at us—like they're doing
Liberal MP Terry Sheehan, left, pictured in Washington, D.C., and who represents Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., and Sault Ste. Marie Mayor Matthew Shoemaker, say the incoming steel and aluminum tariffs will have a major impact on the community's economy. Photograph courtesy of X/TerrySheehanMP and the City of Sault Ste. Marie
Local Liberal MP Terry Sheehan says there were lessons from the 2018 tariffs and Canada's response. 'They were lobbing grenades at us—like they're doing
Local Liberal MP Terry Sheehan says there were lessons from the 2018 tariffs and Canada's response. 'They were lobbing grenades at us—like they're doing
Liberal MP Terry Sheehan, left, pictured in Washington, D.C., and who represents Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., and Sault Ste. Marie Mayor Matthew Shoemaker, say the incoming steel and aluminum tariffs will have a major impact on the community's economy. Photograph courtesy of X/TerrySheehanMP and the City of Sault Ste. Marie
Green Party co-leader Jonathan Pedneault says there is very little to 'excite' Canadians looking for 'bold, resolutely progressive solutions' to the country's problems. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The network and partnerships with Greens in the European Union and globally will be 'essential' in Canada’s response to the threat posed by U.S.
Green Party co-leader Jonathan Pedneault says there is very little to 'excite' Canadians looking for 'bold, resolutely progressive solutions' to the country's problems. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The cost-of-living crisis has pushed many Métis households to the brink. With the looming threat of 25-per-cent tariffs, this situation will only worsen.
Targeted supports must be co-developed with Métis, First Nations, and Inuit leaders to ensure the Indigenous households most affected by inflation can meet their basic needs, writes Victoria Pruden. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The cost-of-living crisis has pushed many Métis households to the brink. With the looming threat of 25-per-cent tariffs, this situation will only worsen.
The cost-of-living crisis has pushed many Métis households to the brink. With the looming threat of 25-per-cent tariffs, this situation will only worsen.
Targeted supports must be co-developed with Métis, First Nations, and Inuit leaders to ensure the Indigenous households most affected by inflation can meet their basic needs, writes Victoria Pruden. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Internal Trade Minister Anita Anand. A national strategy must focus on building a more self-sufficient and diversified economy, starting with an integrated east-west trade corridor, write Jatin Nathwani and Ann Fitz-Gerald. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
We must urgently adopt a forward-looking approach that strengthens economic resilience, and reduces our vulnerability to U.S. policy volatility.
Internal Trade Minister Anita Anand. A national strategy must focus on building a more self-sufficient and diversified economy, starting with an integrated east-west trade corridor, write Jatin Nathwani and Ann Fitz-Gerald. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
As Canada’s aging population grows, understanding the challenges and opportunities associated with this demographic shift becomes increasingly essential, write Gabrielle Gallant and Alyssa Brierley. Photograph courtesy of Pexels
The National Institute on Ageing’s annual survey should serve as a call to action to address inequalities for the most vulnerable populations.
As Canada’s aging population grows, understanding the challenges and opportunities associated with this demographic shift becomes increasingly essential, write Gabrielle Gallant and Alyssa Brierley. Photograph courtesy of Pexels
Economic measures like procurement bans and retaliatory tariffs can be used against the U.S., but a non-threatening approach would better resonate with Americans, says
Ontario Premier Doug Ford, left, and New Brunswick Premier Susan Holt are among those heading to Washington this week for a diplomatic mission. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Economic measures like procurement bans and retaliatory tariffs can be used against the U.S., but a non-threatening approach would better resonate with Americans, says
Economic measures like procurement bans and retaliatory tariffs can be used against the U.S., but a non-threatening approach would better resonate with Americans, says
Ontario Premier Doug Ford, left, and New Brunswick Premier Susan Holt are among those heading to Washington this week for a diplomatic mission. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
If the cost of mollifying U.S. President Donald Trump, pictured, is putting on a bit of a show, it’s cheap at the price. But I couldn’t help but wonder how prepared we are on the back end to actually make good on anything we are pledging to do, writes Matt Gurney. Photograph courtesy of Gage Skidmore/Wikimedia Commons
But let’s not forget the back end. Fixing our correctional and justice systems will help demonstrate to the Americans that Canada is a good
If the cost of mollifying U.S. President Donald Trump, pictured, is putting on a bit of a show, it’s cheap at the price. But I couldn’t help but wonder how prepared we are on the back end to actually make good on anything we are pledging to do, writes Matt Gurney. Photograph courtesy of Gage Skidmore/Wikimedia Commons
New Democratic Party leader Jagmeet Singh holds a press conference in the Wellington Building on Jan. 22, 2025. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
If the NDP leader just zipped it for a few weeks, made a new deal and committed to supporting the new prime minister until
New Democratic Party leader Jagmeet Singh holds a press conference in the Wellington Building on Jan. 22, 2025. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Ontario Premier Doug Ford, left, and federal Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre. Some Ontario Progressive Conservatives are calling on their federal cousins to halt their door-knocking until the provincial campaign is over on Feb. 27. But the federal Conservatives say they have no plans of pausing their outreach to voters. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade
But nominated federal candidates and senior Conservatives say they have no plans to 'put down tools.'
Ontario Premier Doug Ford, left, and federal Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre. Some Ontario Progressive Conservatives are calling on their federal cousins to halt their door-knocking until the provincial campaign is over on Feb. 27. But the federal Conservatives say they have no plans of pausing their outreach to voters. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade
Environment Minister Steven Guilbeault, pictured. The federal government should create policies to help incentivize impact investing so Canadians can more fully participate in this sustainable investment approach, while benefiting from the social and environmental impacts, writes Jory Cohen. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The federal government should incentivize impact investing.
Environment Minister Steven Guilbeault, pictured. The federal government should create policies to help incentivize impact investing so Canadians can more fully participate in this sustainable investment approach, while benefiting from the social and environmental impacts, writes Jory Cohen. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Upon launch of the National Adaptation Strategy on June 27, 2023, Environment Minister Steven Guilbeault said in an Environment press release that, 'In the context of record-breaking wildfires across the country, record hurricanes like Fiona and record floods in British Columbia, this strategy is needed now, more than ever.' The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
As we end the hottest year on record, one truth is clear: the impacts of climate change are inevitable, but the extent of the
Upon launch of the National Adaptation Strategy on June 27, 2023, Environment Minister Steven Guilbeault said in an Environment press release that, 'In the context of record-breaking wildfires across the country, record hurricanes like Fiona and record floods in British Columbia, this strategy is needed now, more than ever.' The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The government could table its fall economic statement and public accounts at any time, but it's a ‘convenient opportunity’ to blame opposition parties for
On Dec. 3, Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland said the government has not yet released its fall economic statement because 'business of the house is being filibustered.' The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The government could table its fall economic statement and public accounts at any time, but it's a ‘convenient opportunity’ to blame opposition parties for
The government could table its fall economic statement and public accounts at any time, but it's a ‘convenient opportunity’ to blame opposition parties for
On Dec. 3, Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland said the government has not yet released its fall economic statement because 'business of the house is being filibustered.' The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Plus, new staff have been added to the offices of Indigenous Services Minister Patty Hajdu and Crown-Indigenous Relations Minister Gary Anandasangaree.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau leaves a Liberal caucus meeting in the West Block on March 20, followed by his now-former press secretary Mohammad Hussain. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Plus, new staff have been added to the offices of Indigenous Services Minister Patty Hajdu and Crown-Indigenous Relations Minister Gary Anandasangaree.
Plus, new staff have been added to the offices of Indigenous Services Minister Patty Hajdu and Crown-Indigenous Relations Minister Gary Anandasangaree.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau leaves a Liberal caucus meeting in the West Block on March 20, followed by his now-former press secretary Mohammad Hussain. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Happily, the rapid reaction of the civilian defenders of democracy made further debate within the South Korean armed forces unnecessary, but what might happen
South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol’s television broadcast on Dec. 2, 2024, made no sense whatever because there was no need to 'to protect the country from North Korea's Communist forces and to eliminate anti-state elements,' writes Gwynne Dyer. Screen capture image courtesy of CNN
Happily, the rapid reaction of the civilian defenders of democracy made further debate within the South Korean armed forces unnecessary, but what might happen
Happily, the rapid reaction of the civilian defenders of democracy made further debate within the South Korean armed forces unnecessary, but what might happen
South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol’s television broadcast on Dec. 2, 2024, made no sense whatever because there was no need to 'to protect the country from North Korea's Communist forces and to eliminate anti-state elements,' writes Gwynne Dyer. Screen capture image courtesy of CNN
Patrick Brown will testify before a House Committee investigating a report that agents of the Indian government interfered in his campaign for the Conservative Party leadership. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Patrick Brown will testify before a House Committee investigating a report that agents of the Indian government interfered in his campaign for the Conservative Party leadership. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
It may surprise many Canadians to learn that the health-care industry contributes five per cent of total carbon emissions in Canada—more than the airline industry, which contributes 3.5 per cent, writes Wendy Levinson.
It’s time for our governments to bring our health societies and institutions together, and task them with creating a targeted climate action plan for
It may surprise many Canadians to learn that the health-care industry contributes five per cent of total carbon emissions in Canada—more than the airline industry, which contributes 3.5 per cent, writes Wendy Levinson.
Canada must prepare for minimal sea ice in the Arctic Ocean in the summer and sea level rise on all coasts as glacier melt raises sea levels, writes John W. Pomeroy, a snow and ice hydrologist at the University of Saskatchewan. Photograph courtesy of pasja1000, Pixabay.com
It is now time for Canadians to prepare for 'cryospheric destruction' and it is going to be a distressing experience. We must prepare for
Canada must prepare for minimal sea ice in the Arctic Ocean in the summer and sea level rise on all coasts as glacier melt raises sea levels, writes John W. Pomeroy, a snow and ice hydrologist at the University of Saskatchewan. Photograph courtesy of pasja1000, Pixabay.com
Minister for Women and Gender Equality Marci Ien, pictured on Oct. 29, 2024, at a press conference on the Hill. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
It’s time to bring unpaid work out of the shadows and into the national conversation—not just as an economic issue, but as a crucial
Minister for Women and Gender Equality Marci Ien, pictured on Oct. 29, 2024, at a press conference on the Hill. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The list is constantly updated 'as businesses grow, dissolve, or change,' says Indigenous Services Canada, with 1,100 companies scrapped from the directory in 2022.
In February, Indigenous Services Minister Patty Hajdu said the federal government was reviewing procurement policies to determine who can claim to be Indigenous when bidding for federal contracts. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The list is constantly updated 'as businesses grow, dissolve, or change,' says Indigenous Services Canada, with 1,100 companies scrapped from the directory in 2022.
The list is constantly updated 'as businesses grow, dissolve, or change,' says Indigenous Services Canada, with 1,100 companies scrapped from the directory in 2022.
In February, Indigenous Services Minister Patty Hajdu said the federal government was reviewing procurement policies to determine who can claim to be Indigenous when bidding for federal contracts. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Senators are fast-tracking the government's sales tax holiday bill, which is supposed to come into effect on Dec. 14. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Plus, the Don Meredith trial is underway in Ottawa.
Senators are fast-tracking the government's sales tax holiday bill, which is supposed to come into effect on Dec. 14. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
For those who complain that Bluesky is an echo chamber, welcome to social media, writes Erica Ifill. Screenshot courtesy of Bluesky and Unsplash photograph by Kumiko Shimizu
In the great social-media migration, Bluesky is offering a respite to users sick of hate.
For those who complain that Bluesky is an echo chamber, welcome to social media, writes Erica Ifill. Screenshot courtesy of Bluesky and Unsplash photograph by Kumiko Shimizu
Families, Children, and Social Development Minister Jenna Sudds, centre, announces $7.1-million in funding for P.E.I. as part of the National School Food Program on Nov. 29 PMO photograph by Adam Scotti
Adding '184,000 more kids who didn't have food at school before we started is great progress, and it’s hardly a bureaucracy,' says Minister Jenna
Families, Children, and Social Development Minister Jenna Sudds, centre, announces $7.1-million in funding for P.E.I. as part of the National School Food Program on Nov. 29 PMO photograph by Adam Scotti
Auditor General Karen Hogan arrives for a press conference after delivering her fall performance audit reports to committee earlier in the day on Dec. 2. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Auditor General Karen Hogan may want to invest in some sort of rubber stamp to more quickly convey the conclusion that seems to be
Auditor General Karen Hogan arrives for a press conference after delivering her fall performance audit reports to committee earlier in the day on Dec. 2. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Liberal MP John McKay, co-chair of the Canada-U.S. IPG, anticipates making a visit to the U.S. in the new year for what could be his first and last presidential inauguration. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Discussions are being had about a potential visit of U.S. Senators to Ottawa, says Liberal MP John McKay.
Liberal MP John McKay, co-chair of the Canada-U.S. IPG, anticipates making a visit to the U.S. in the new year for what could be his first and last presidential inauguration. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Few details about Global Affairs Canada's plan and how the channel would work have been shared with the Professional Association of Foreign Service Officers,
Foreign Minister Mélanie Joly's, right, department is moving to implement a dissent channel similar to one used by the U.S. State Department, currently led by Secretary of State Antony Blinken. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Few details about Global Affairs Canada's plan and how the channel would work have been shared with the Professional Association of Foreign Service Officers,
Few details about Global Affairs Canada's plan and how the channel would work have been shared with the Professional Association of Foreign Service Officers,
Foreign Minister Mélanie Joly's, right, department is moving to implement a dissent channel similar to one used by the U.S. State Department, currently led by Secretary of State Antony Blinken. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Canada is just another villain in what U.S. president-elect Donald Trump imagines is a worldwide plot to take advantage of American open trade policies, writes Les Whittington. White House photograph by Andrea Hanks
Whatever Donald Trump says about his reasons for slapping tariffs on Canadian imports, it’s safe to assume it's only part of the story.
Canada is just another villain in what U.S. president-elect Donald Trump imagines is a worldwide plot to take advantage of American open trade policies, writes Les Whittington. White House photograph by Andrea Hanks
Re: “Netanyahu finally accountable for his conduct: letter writer,” (The Hill Times, Nov. 27, p. 8). Morgan Duchesney’s most recent letter downplays Hamas’ genocidal
Re: “Netanyahu finally accountable for his conduct: letter writer,” (The Hill Times, Nov. 27, p. 8). Morgan Duchesney’s most recent letter downplays Hamas’ genocidal
Re: “Netanyahu finally accountable for his conduct: letter writer,” (The Hill Times, Nov. 27, p. 8). Morgan Duchesney’s most recent letter downplays Hamas’ genocidal