Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, is expected to trigger an electoral faceoff with Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre sometime soon. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade
Plus, what cancelling the carbon tax might do—or not do—for your pocketbook.
Prime Minister Mark Carney, left, is expected to trigger an electoral faceoff with Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre sometime soon. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade
During his first foreign visit, new Prime Minister Mark Carney, right, met with United Kingdom Prime Minister Keir Starmer on March 17. Photograph by Simon Dawson/No 10 Downing Street
The problem with electing a clown is that everyone thinks their actions are a joke. While that statement may allow partisans of all stripes
During his first foreign visit, new Prime Minister Mark Carney, right, met with United Kingdom Prime Minister Keir Starmer on March 17. Photograph by Simon Dawson/No 10 Downing Street
There’s a rise in authoritarianism in Quebec, illustrated by Premier François Legault’s government’s embrace of extreme nationalism, writes Andrew Caddell. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Along with signs of a rightward turn in government, there is the use of anonymous complaints against businesses and individuals.
There’s a rise in authoritarianism in Quebec, illustrated by Premier François Legault’s government’s embrace of extreme nationalism, writes Andrew Caddell. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre is a skilled politician with smart, able advisers who must see that the field they set to win the 2025 election is not the one where the current game is being played, writes Tim Powers. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The Conservative leader need not be who he isn’t, but he might want to show and talk more about where he would take Canada
Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre is a skilled politician with smart, able advisers who must see that the field they set to win the 2025 election is not the one where the current game is being played, writes Tim Powers. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
There are signs of pushback against measures by the Trump administration that threaten clean energy development, according to Automotive Parts Manufacturers’ Association head Flavio
Now-Finance Minister François-Philippe Champagne described Canadian steel and aluminum as essential for the manufacturing industry, and as crucial for North America’s energy future, economic security, and national security in a March 12 press release while he was serving as innovation minister. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
There are signs of pushback against measures by the Trump administration that threaten clean energy development, according to Automotive Parts Manufacturers’ Association head Flavio
There are signs of pushback against measures by the Trump administration that threaten clean energy development, according to Automotive Parts Manufacturers’ Association head Flavio
Now-Finance Minister François-Philippe Champagne described Canadian steel and aluminum as essential for the manufacturing industry, and as crucial for North America’s energy future, economic security, and national security in a March 12 press release while he was serving as innovation minister. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 19 Senator Patterson to Speak on DEI in the Military—CSG Senator Rebecca Patterson will deliver the keynote address at this day-long conference,
A woman hands out roses at the 18th Annual Ottawa Sisters in Spirit Vigil for missing and murdered Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people on Parliament Hill on Oct. 4, 2024. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 19 Senator Patterson to Speak on DEI in the Military—CSG Senator Rebecca Patterson will deliver the keynote address at this day-long conference,
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 19 Senator Patterson to Speak on DEI in the Military—CSG Senator Rebecca Patterson will deliver the keynote address at this day-long conference,
A woman hands out roses at the 18th Annual Ottawa Sisters in Spirit Vigil for missing and murdered Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people on Parliament Hill on Oct. 4, 2024. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Natural Resources Minister Jonathan Wilkinson. The lithium, cobalt, nickel, and rare earth elements that are kilometres beneath the surface of British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec are literally untapped potential, writes Alex Greco. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
There aren’t enough new critical mineral projects getting up and running to meet a basic level of demand, much less answer the world’s call
Natural Resources Minister Jonathan Wilkinson. The lithium, cobalt, nickel, and rare earth elements that are kilometres beneath the surface of British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec are literally untapped potential, writes Alex Greco. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
While Canada has made notable progress in electric vehicle charging infrastructure, significant gaps remain, particularly in rural and northern regions, writes Sheldon Williamson. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The path to broader EV adoption needs to balance infrastructure development, trade strategy, policy incentives, and regional equity.
While Canada has made notable progress in electric vehicle charging infrastructure, significant gaps remain, particularly in rural and northern regions, writes Sheldon Williamson. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The benefits of processing our underground wealth go beyond this moment of crisis wrought by tariffs from U.S. President Donald Trump, and beyond the auto sector alone, write Travis Southin, Derek Eaton, and Sosthène Ung. Image courtesy of Pixabay/Owantana
The lack of processing capabilities in the ‘mine-to-mobility’ EV supply chain leaves us further exposed to trade risk.
The benefits of processing our underground wealth go beyond this moment of crisis wrought by tariffs from U.S. President Donald Trump, and beyond the auto sector alone, write Travis Southin, Derek Eaton, and Sosthène Ung. Image courtesy of Pixabay/Owantana
Former Liberal cabinet ministers Seamus O'Regan, left, and Marco Mendicino are still sitting MPs. However, Mendicino has taken on a role that's usually for a non-elected person, while O'Regan's next move outside the House has been prematurely revealed. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade
Plus: Globe and Mail reporter Marieke Walsh is off on maternity leave, Liberal MP Mona Fortier taps former politicians for Coronation medals, and the
Former Liberal cabinet ministers Seamus O'Regan, left, and Marco Mendicino are still sitting MPs. However, Mendicino has taken on a role that's usually for a non-elected person, while O'Regan's next move outside the House has been prematurely revealed. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade
Nova Scotia Premier Tim Houston’s Progressive Conservatives demonstrate that provincial governments want even more regressive amendments to their freedom of information acts, writes Ken Rubin. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Our inaction on internal trade and information barriers, and climate-change strategies hinders our future survival and development.
Nova Scotia Premier Tim Houston’s Progressive Conservatives demonstrate that provincial governments want even more regressive amendments to their freedom of information acts, writes Ken Rubin. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Prime Minister Mark Carney’s decision to dim the focus on gender equality reflects a troubling trend that will erode Canada’s leadership in equal rights.
New Health Minister Kamal Khera, left, was diversity, inclusion, and persons with disabilities minister from July 2023 until last week. Former women and gender equality minister Marci Ien is no longer in cabinet after leading the file since October 2021. Both roles no longer exist in cabinet. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade
Prime Minister Mark Carney’s decision to dim the focus on gender equality reflects a troubling trend that will erode Canada’s leadership in equal rights.
Prime Minister Mark Carney’s decision to dim the focus on gender equality reflects a troubling trend that will erode Canada’s leadership in equal rights.
New Health Minister Kamal Khera, left, was diversity, inclusion, and persons with disabilities minister from July 2023 until last week. Former women and gender equality minister Marci Ien is no longer in cabinet after leading the file since October 2021. Both roles no longer exist in cabinet. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade
This is an opportunity for Canadian Culture and Identity Minister Steven Guilbeault to do something bold as is demanded by these existential times, writes Sen. Andrew Cardozo. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
We have the building blocks to define a Canadian identity, but they need to be reviewed, reformed, and rebuilt.
This is an opportunity for Canadian Culture and Identity Minister Steven Guilbeault to do something bold as is demanded by these existential times, writes Sen. Andrew Cardozo. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Rodrigo Duterte finished his single permitted term as Philippines president in 2022, leaving 30,000 police murders in his wake and a popular approval rating
Last week’s arrest of former Philippines president Rodrigo Duterte by the International Criminal Court for the ‘crime against humanity’ of mass murder was long overdue, writes Gwynne Dyer. Photograph courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
Rodrigo Duterte finished his single permitted term as Philippines president in 2022, leaving 30,000 police murders in his wake and a popular approval rating
Rodrigo Duterte finished his single permitted term as Philippines president in 2022, leaving 30,000 police murders in his wake and a popular approval rating
Last week’s arrest of former Philippines president Rodrigo Duterte by the International Criminal Court for the ‘crime against humanity’ of mass murder was long overdue, writes Gwynne Dyer. Photograph courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
Although these are turbulent times, there is a tremendous energy around the Canada-Ireland relationship, and a sense that we are starting to really explore
For more than 300 years, Irish people have spread out to all regions of Canada, building new lives and helping to shape the very structures of this proud nation, writes Ambassador John Concannon. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Although these are turbulent times, there is a tremendous energy around the Canada-Ireland relationship, and a sense that we are starting to really explore
Although these are turbulent times, there is a tremendous energy around the Canada-Ireland relationship, and a sense that we are starting to really explore
For more than 300 years, Irish people have spread out to all regions of Canada, building new lives and helping to shape the very structures of this proud nation, writes Ambassador John Concannon. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Re: “Time for Canada to consider its own nuclear deterrent,” (The Hill Times, March 10). Responding to U.S. President Donald Trump’s punitive behaviour towards
Re: “Time for Canada to consider its own nuclear deterrent,” (The Hill Times, March 10). Responding to U.S. President Donald Trump’s punitive behaviour towards
Re: “Time for Canada to consider its own nuclear deterrent,” (The Hill Times, March 10). Responding to U.S. President Donald Trump’s punitive behaviour towards
Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre, left, U.S. President Donald Trump, and Prime Minister Mark Carney. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade, Sam Garcia, and courtesy of Gage Skidmore/Wikimedia Commons, illustration courtesy of The Hill Times' Neena Singhal
So far, neither party has presented such a plan. Yet the need is urgent. While we must retaliate in the face of U.S. tariffs and
Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre, left, U.S. President Donald Trump, and Prime Minister Mark Carney. The Hill Times photographs by Andrew Meade, Sam Garcia, and courtesy of Gage Skidmore/Wikimedia Commons, illustration courtesy of The Hill Times' Neena Singhal
If this fight continues, the federal government may have to consider overriding Danielle Smith's objections. The pain of tariffs needs to be shared across
Mike Myers, pictured recently on Saturday Night Live, gestured, moved his left elbow up, pointing to it and mouthed the words, 'Elbows up!' The phrase is inspired by Canadian hockey legend Gordie Howe, who was known for throwing his elbows up to defend himself, and is now Canada's rallying cry against U.S. President Donald Trump. Screen shot courtesy of Saturday Night Live/YouTube
If this fight continues, the federal government may have to consider overriding Danielle Smith's objections. The pain of tariffs needs to be shared across
If this fight continues, the federal government may have to consider overriding Danielle Smith's objections. The pain of tariffs needs to be shared across
Mike Myers, pictured recently on Saturday Night Live, gestured, moved his left elbow up, pointing to it and mouthed the words, 'Elbows up!' The phrase is inspired by Canadian hockey legend Gordie Howe, who was known for throwing his elbows up to defend himself, and is now Canada's rallying cry against U.S. President Donald Trump. Screen shot courtesy of Saturday Night Live/YouTube
Newly elected party leader Mark Carney arrives for the Liberal Party caucus meeting in the West Block on March 10, 2025. You don’t need to be a weatherman to know which way the wind blows. In Canada, it is blowing right, writes Susan Riley. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
There is a new Liberal in town, a blue-suit Liberal, and all these ordinary concerns—although climate change is hardly trivial—seem to be set aside
Newly elected party leader Mark Carney arrives for the Liberal Party caucus meeting in the West Block on March 10, 2025. You don’t need to be a weatherman to know which way the wind blows. In Canada, it is blowing right, writes Susan Riley. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
With the right investments in research, innovation, and farmer education, Canada can lead the global transition toward a more sustainable and resilient agricultural future.
For Canada to realize the full potential of circular bioeconomy in agriculture, stronger government and industry support programs are essential, writes Dr. Saji George, an associate professor at McGill University. Photograph by Dirk Schumacher, Pixabay.com
With the right investments in research, innovation, and farmer education, Canada can lead the global transition toward a more sustainable and resilient agricultural future.
With the right investments in research, innovation, and farmer education, Canada can lead the global transition toward a more sustainable and resilient agricultural future.
For Canada to realize the full potential of circular bioeconomy in agriculture, stronger government and industry support programs are essential, writes Dr. Saji George, an associate professor at McGill University. Photograph by Dirk Schumacher, Pixabay.com
The agriculture sector has always adapted to challenges, but today's complex, interconnected problems require collaborative solutions across government, industry, and research institutions.
Canada stands at an inflection point. With thoughtful investment, policy reform, and technological innovation, we can transform current supply chain vulnerabilities into future competitive advantages, writes Dr. Asim Biswas. Photograph by Jannis Knorr, Pexels.com
The agriculture sector has always adapted to challenges, but today's complex, interconnected problems require collaborative solutions across government, industry, and research institutions.
The agriculture sector has always adapted to challenges, but today's complex, interconnected problems require collaborative solutions across government, industry, and research institutions.
Canada stands at an inflection point. With thoughtful investment, policy reform, and technological innovation, we can transform current supply chain vulnerabilities into future competitive advantages, writes Dr. Asim Biswas. Photograph by Jannis Knorr, Pexels.com
The federal government’s Food Policy for Canada was announced in 2019 by Liberal MP Marie-Claude Bibeau, then serving as minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Tackling food waste is not easy, but, like climate action, it is important. Reducing food waste could help meet the needs of the millions
The federal government’s Food Policy for Canada was announced in 2019 by Liberal MP Marie-Claude Bibeau, then serving as minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The situation is so bad, children are sometimes on waiting lists for years and age out of programs before they can access them, write Brittany Finlay and Jennifer D. Zwicker. Unsplash photograph by Tina Floersch
Fragmented disability policies impede people from accessing necessary programs and services, and lead to inequities.
The situation is so bad, children are sometimes on waiting lists for years and age out of programs before they can access them, write Brittany Finlay and Jennifer D. Zwicker. Unsplash photograph by Tina Floersch
Regulatory bodies are uniquely positioned to provide critical workforce data, and with proper support they can play a pivotal role in addressing Canada's health-care provider shortages, write Sophia Myles and Elizabeth Wenghofer. Pexels photograph by EVG Kowalievsk
We need an integrated national plan based on robust data that includes regulators working alongside provincial governments.
Regulatory bodies are uniquely positioned to provide critical workforce data, and with proper support they can play a pivotal role in addressing Canada's health-care provider shortages, write Sophia Myles and Elizabeth Wenghofer. Pexels photograph by EVG Kowalievsk
Provincial governments need to work with Ottawa to improve the drug approval and public reimbursement process, writes Liam MacDonald. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Patients in Canada wait longer than most of our peer countries to access fewer medicines.
Provincial governments need to work with Ottawa to improve the drug approval and public reimbursement process, writes Liam MacDonald. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Canada stands at a critical juncture with public health policy, and the decisions made now will have long-term implications for domestic health security and economy, writes Alison Pozzobon. Photograph courtesy of Pexels
Often referred to as the ‘silent pandemic,’ antimicrobial resistance is a particularly concerning public health threat.
Canada stands at a critical juncture with public health policy, and the decisions made now will have long-term implications for domestic health security and economy, writes Alison Pozzobon. Photograph courtesy of Pexels
Publicly funding medically necessary virtual care would improve access for all Canadians, not just those fortunate enough to have stable jobs with benefits.
Health Minister Mark Holland’s Jan. 10 letter ultimately allows some jurisdictions to continue to skirt the intent of the law, write Monika Dutt, Chaten Jessel, and Bernard Ho. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Publicly funding medically necessary virtual care would improve access for all Canadians, not just those fortunate enough to have stable jobs with benefits.
Publicly funding medically necessary virtual care would improve access for all Canadians, not just those fortunate enough to have stable jobs with benefits.
Health Minister Mark Holland’s Jan. 10 letter ultimately allows some jurisdictions to continue to skirt the intent of the law, write Monika Dutt, Chaten Jessel, and Bernard Ho. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
When people have stable housing with the right supports, they live healthier, more independent lives, and stay out of crisis, write Heather McDonald and Jacob Gorenkoff. Photograph courtesy of Pexels
Not all seniors need long-term care, so the federal government must act now to fill this critical housing gap.
When people have stable housing with the right supports, they live healthier, more independent lives, and stay out of crisis, write Heather McDonald and Jacob Gorenkoff. Photograph courtesy of Pexels
When residents in long-term care aren’t thriving because their needs are not being met, it costs us all through higher health-care needs down the line, write Christine Sheppard and Jesse Rosenberg. Unsplash photograph by Tim Kilby
Future agreements must require health equity plans with targets for delivering the diverse care needed in each jurisdiction.
When residents in long-term care aren’t thriving because their needs are not being met, it costs us all through higher health-care needs down the line, write Christine Sheppard and Jesse Rosenberg. Unsplash photograph by Tim Kilby
The U.S. withdrawal from the WHO will have severe consequences not only for global health, but also for Canada, writes Roojin Habibi. Photograph courtesy of Flickr/United States Mission Geneva
Despite its imperfections, the WHO has delivered historic successes, which are only possible through the concerted efforts of all nations.
The U.S. withdrawal from the WHO will have severe consequences not only for global health, but also for Canada, writes Roojin Habibi. Photograph courtesy of Flickr/United States Mission Geneva
Re: “What about a 2026 election instead?” (The Hill Times, Jan. 29). Nelson Wiseman’s argument that the federal election should be delayed until 2026 to
There could be an opening for progress on electoral reform as part of the Liberal leadership race, write Anita Nickerson and Réal Lavergne. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Re: “What about a 2026 election instead?” (The Hill Times, Jan. 29). Nelson Wiseman’s argument that the federal election should be delayed until 2026 to
Re: “What about a 2026 election instead?” (The Hill Times, Jan. 29). Nelson Wiseman’s argument that the federal election should be delayed until 2026 to
There could be an opening for progress on electoral reform as part of the Liberal leadership race, write Anita Nickerson and Réal Lavergne. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Justice Minister Arif Virani, left, International Trade Minister Mary Ng, and Conservative MP Martin Shields have each announced that they won’t run again in the next federal election. The Hill Times photographs by Cynthia Münster and Sam Garcia
Plus, a retired Mountie, an economist, and a farmer are named to the Senate; ex-U.S. ambassador David Cohen talks Canada in his first interview
Justice Minister Arif Virani, left, International Trade Minister Mary Ng, and Conservative MP Martin Shields have each announced that they won’t run again in the next federal election. The Hill Times photographs by Cynthia Münster and Sam Garcia
CBC/Radio-Canada considered a reimagining of Radio Canada International in 2023 with annual funding of $20-million to $30-million, which isn't going ahead. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
A CBC spokesperson says the briefing note prepared for a 2023 meeting with the Global Affairs Canada deputy minister is 'incorrect,' while GAC says
CBC/Radio-Canada considered a reimagining of Radio Canada International in 2023 with annual funding of $20-million to $30-million, which isn't going ahead. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
Local Liberal MP Terry Sheehan says there were lessons from the 2018 tariffs and Canada's response. 'They were lobbing grenades at us—like they're doing
Liberal MP Terry Sheehan, left, pictured in Washington, D.C., and who represents Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., and Sault Ste. Marie Mayor Matthew Shoemaker, say the incoming steel and aluminum tariffs will have a major impact on the community's economy. Photograph courtesy of X/TerrySheehanMP and the City of Sault Ste. Marie
Local Liberal MP Terry Sheehan says there were lessons from the 2018 tariffs and Canada's response. 'They were lobbing grenades at us—like they're doing
Local Liberal MP Terry Sheehan says there were lessons from the 2018 tariffs and Canada's response. 'They were lobbing grenades at us—like they're doing
Liberal MP Terry Sheehan, left, pictured in Washington, D.C., and who represents Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., and Sault Ste. Marie Mayor Matthew Shoemaker, say the incoming steel and aluminum tariffs will have a major impact on the community's economy. Photograph courtesy of X/TerrySheehanMP and the City of Sault Ste. Marie
Green Party co-leader Jonathan Pedneault says there is very little to 'excite' Canadians looking for 'bold, resolutely progressive solutions' to the country's problems. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The network and partnerships with Greens in the European Union and globally will be 'essential' in Canada’s response to the threat posed by U.S.
Green Party co-leader Jonathan Pedneault says there is very little to 'excite' Canadians looking for 'bold, resolutely progressive solutions' to the country's problems. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The cost-of-living crisis has pushed many Métis households to the brink. With the looming threat of 25-per-cent tariffs, this situation will only worsen.
Targeted supports must be co-developed with Métis, First Nations, and Inuit leaders to ensure the Indigenous households most affected by inflation can meet their basic needs, writes Victoria Pruden. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
The cost-of-living crisis has pushed many Métis households to the brink. With the looming threat of 25-per-cent tariffs, this situation will only worsen.
The cost-of-living crisis has pushed many Métis households to the brink. With the looming threat of 25-per-cent tariffs, this situation will only worsen.
Targeted supports must be co-developed with Métis, First Nations, and Inuit leaders to ensure the Indigenous households most affected by inflation can meet their basic needs, writes Victoria Pruden. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
U.S. President Donald Trump’s strategy aims to insulate his country from the vagaries of a multipolar world, but does not guarantee a more stable or prosperous one, write David Carment and Dani Belo. White House photograph by Tia Dufour
The U.S. is waking up to the fact that being a hegemonic power requires a lot of effort.
U.S. President Donald Trump’s strategy aims to insulate his country from the vagaries of a multipolar world, but does not guarantee a more stable or prosperous one, write David Carment and Dani Belo. White House photograph by Tia Dufour
United States President Donald Trump demanding to take over Greenland, the Panama Canal, Canada, and the Gaza Strip is empire-building of the crudest sort.
The United Nations Security Council, pictured on Jan. 25. The keystone of the international system is under attack with countries sabotaging the barriers put in place to limit the spread of war, writes Gwynne Dyer. Photograph courtesy of United Nations/Evan Schneider
United States President Donald Trump demanding to take over Greenland, the Panama Canal, Canada, and the Gaza Strip is empire-building of the crudest sort.
United States President Donald Trump demanding to take over Greenland, the Panama Canal, Canada, and the Gaza Strip is empire-building of the crudest sort.
The United Nations Security Council, pictured on Jan. 25. The keystone of the international system is under attack with countries sabotaging the barriers put in place to limit the spread of war, writes Gwynne Dyer. Photograph courtesy of United Nations/Evan Schneider
Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre proposed expanding Canada's military presence in the Arctic at a press conference in Iqaluit yesterday. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre proposed expanding Canada's military presence in the Arctic at a press conference in Iqaluit yesterday. The Hill Times photograph by Sam Garcia
Internal Trade Minister Anita Anand. A national strategy must focus on building a more self-sufficient and diversified economy, starting with an integrated east-west trade corridor, write Jatin Nathwani and Ann Fitz-Gerald. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade
We must urgently adopt a forward-looking approach that strengthens economic resilience, and reduces our vulnerability to U.S. policy volatility.
Internal Trade Minister Anita Anand. A national strategy must focus on building a more self-sufficient and diversified economy, starting with an integrated east-west trade corridor, write Jatin Nathwani and Ann Fitz-Gerald. The Hill Times photograph by Andrew Meade